The study of women’s history, like that of men, shows that there are countless women and men who seem to be of little importance, but who represent society at large—beyond all the feats by counts, kings, countesses, and queens. Over the years, the economic and social influence, and therefore the political influence of this majority was reflected in women from the high and low bourgeoisie and also to those from the working class.
1. Dolors Monserdà i Vidal (1845-1919)
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| Dolors Monserdà i Vidal |
Journalist and feminist; her pen name was DM i Macià, which was her last name before getting married. Her feminism was based on social Catholicism. She came from a wealthy, ideologically conservative family. She did not proposed a change in the patriarchal society or gender model, but rather based it on the defense of traditional Catalan values and religion.
Between 1857 and 1877 she wrote poetry, theater, and novels. She participated in the Floral Games and won several prizes. Her works Sembreu i recollireu and Teresa o un jorn de prova were premiered, but not Amor mana from 1913. Her main novel is Montserrat, but she wrote many others. Her ideological work is the essay Estudi feminista. Orientacions per a la dona catalana, from 1909.
Starting in 1910, she dedicated her life to the founding and management of the board for women workers in l’Agulla. Her political activity (which could be summarized in that the basis of the country is the family and the basis of the family is the woman) was published in La renaixença, La veu de Catalunya, and in women’s publications such as Modes i labors and Or i grana.
2. Martina Castells i Ballespir (1852-1884): Doctor.
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| Martina Castells i Ballespir |
She was the first woman to get a law degree with a doctoral thesis on physical, moral, and intellectual education that she thought had to be given to women so that they could contribute to the perfection of humanity. She was in favor of giving support to girls who wanted to continue studying. She believed that women had to take an active part in all social issues.
Born in a family of doctors, she enrolled in the University of Barcelona in 1877 and finished her studies in 1881, but she had problems obtaining a degree, so she sent a petition to the Minister of Development because the Government refused to allow women to take the bachelor’s degree exam. She passed her bachelor’s degree in 1882. She opened a consulting firm and requested to become a member of the Spanish Gynecological Society, but her request was denied.
3. Dolors Aleu i Riera (1857-1913): Doctor.
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| Dolors Aleu i Riera |
She also had many difficulties in graduating. Her thesis "La necessitat d’una nova educació per les dones" (The need of a new education for women) dates from 1882. She believed that the differences between boys and girls responded to the differences in education and that they should get the same quality of education. She also criticized the obligations placed on women in the way they dressed. Although she was married and had children, she practiced medicine for 25 years (specializing in gynecology and in children’s medicine) and she volunteered at la Casa de caritat de Barcelona.
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